Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Swarm Shuts Down as 'Pretty Boy' Co-Founder Blamed for Demise
SEP 2 DIGEST: Bitcoin Devs Pen Open Letter to Community; UK Gov’t Explores Blockchain for Recordkeeping
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Ex-Federal Agent Faces 20 Years in Prison for Bitcoin Theft
Tuesday, September 1, 2015
An Open Letter to the Bitcoin Community from the Developers
Editor’s Note: This is a letter to the community written and signed by many of the Bitcoin core developers.
As active contributors to Bitcoin, we share this letter to communicate our plan of action related to technical consensus and Bitcoin scalability.
Bitcoin is many things to many people. However, the development and maintenance of Bitcoin is a human endeavor. Satoshi sought review and cooperation, and the subsequent work by Bitcoin’s developers has made the system more secure and orders of magnitude faster. The Bitcoin developer community is dedicated to the future of Bitcoin, looks after the health of the network, strives for the highest standards of performance, and works to keep Bitcoin secure on behalf of everyone.
We’re committed to Bitcoin and responsive to the needs of the community. For the past five years, we’ve written code and managed over 50 Bitcoin releases and reviewed more than 45 formal proposals to improve Bitcoin’s performance, security, and scalability. Technical discussions, while heated at times, are always focused on improving Bitcoin.
Much work has already been done in this area, from substantial improvements in CPU bottlenecks, memory usage, network efficiency, and initial block download times, to algorithmic scaling in general. However, a number of key challenges still remain, each with many significant considerations and tradeoffs to evaluate. We have worked on Bitcoin scaling for years while safeguarding the network’s core features of decentralization, security, and permissionless innovation. We’re committed to ensuring the largest possible number of users benefit from Bitcoin, without eroding these fundamental values.
There will be controversy from time to time, but Bitcoin is a security-critical system with billions of dollars of users’ assets that a mistake could compromise. To mitigate potential existential risks, it behooves us all to take the time to evaluate proposals that have been put forward and agree on the best solutions via the consensus-building process.
In the upcoming months, two open workshops will bring the community together to explore these issues. The first Scaling Bitcoin workshop will be in Montreal on September 12-13. The second workshop is planned for December 6-7 and will be hosted in Hong Kong to be more inclusive of Bitcoin’s global user base.
We ask the community to not prejudge and instead work collaboratively to reach the best outcome through the existing process and the supporting workshops. It’s great to already see broad excitement for the event and the high concentration of technical participants attending.
We’re confident that by working together we can agree on the best course of action. We believe this is the way forward and reinforces the existing review process that has served the Bitcoin development community (and Bitcoin in general) well to date.
We welcome your participation as we continue our efforts to bring Bitcoin into the future.
Signed,
Wladimir J. van der Laan
Pieter Wuille
Cory Fields
Luke Dashjr
Jonas Schnelli
Jorge Timón
Greg Maxwell
Eric Voskuil
Amir Taaki
Dave Collins
Michael Ford
Peter Todd
Phillip Mienk
Suhas Daftuar
R E Broadley
Eric Lombrozo
Daniel Kraft
Chris Moore
Alex Morcos
dexX7
Warren Togami
Mark Friedenbach
Ross Nicoll
Pavel Janík
Josh Lehan
Andrew Poelstra
Christian Decker
Bryan Bishop
Benedict Chan
฿tcDrak
Charlie Lee
Jeremy Rubin
Photo Kim Piper Werker / Flickr (CC)
Volume of Bitcoin Trades Continues Surge in Brazil
Volume of bitcoin trades in Brazil increased rapidly in Brazil since May. Over the last few months, the volume of all bitcoin trades have risen from US$1.65 million to US$2.6 million, showing a 158 percent monthly increase in trading volumes across all exchanges.
In August, Mercado Bitcoin, the largest bitcoin exchange in Brazil alone has processed 28.48 percent of all market share or US$740,480 worth of bitcoin trades.
Image via bitValor
According to BaseBit founder Daniel Novy, the majority of bitcoin-related news presented by major news outlets in Brazil is negative and affects the potent Brazilian population that is underbanked and underserved by financial institutions.
Despite the negative image of bitcoin built by the media, many merchants are becoming more open to using bitcoin, due to its low transaction fees and high international exchange rates. With the strict financial regulations in countries like Argentina and Brazil, it is extremely difficult to move the local currency out of the country. Bitcoin in contrast, has a high international exchange rate, allowing merchants to store their income in a liquid currency or asset.
“The problem we have in Brazil is that the only news that becomes mainstream is the bad ones. Bitcoin has a bad reputation here but anyway the merchants are definitely being more opened to it,” Novy told Bitcoin Magazine.
Image via bitValor
Solving Bitcoin Liquidity Issues in India
PayPal Announces Launch of PayPal.Me Peer-to-peer Payments Similar to Square Cash or Bitcoin Wallets
Receiving money from a friend, client or anyone else on PayPal just got a little bit easier. Today, the company announced the launch of PayPal.Me, a personal, vanity PayPal link that makes it easy to remind people to send you money.
The idea behind the peer-to-payment service is to erase the awkwardness of getting repaid by someone. Instead of having to ask them, a user could just send his or her friend a PayPal.me link and the friend would be able to pay using their own PayPal account. It minimizes the need for conversation about something that could, theoretically, make someone uncomfortable.
PayPal.me has launched in 18 countries, including the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Australia, Canada, Russia, Turkey, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland. Payments between two users in the U.K. will be completely free. For U.S. customers, there are no transfer fees when funds are deducted from a bank account or existing PayPal balance.
According to PayPal, there are $51 billion in IOUs from friends and family due to the hassle in chasing down debts. The company believes PayPal.me will mitigate that problem.
The structure of the URL is: paypal.me/username. PayPal has also allowed users to amend how much money they should be receiving from the payer by adding an amount at the end of the URL. For example, if someone owed $40, the URL would be: http://ift.tt/1LIlt7H.
While there are many applications for paying people, such as Square Cash and Google’s Android Pay, PayPal remains the largest payment platform on the Internet; therefore, its barrier of entry for paypal.me is smaller. Because each username is unique, it is likely that new ones will fill up quickly.
While PayPal.me doesn’t appear to let users transmit bitcoin, the company has had a more favorable approach to the currency than other legacy financial institutions. PayPal announced in September 2014 that it would allow merchants to start accepting bitcoin through its Braintree application through a partnership with Coinbase. It is rumored that PayPal is investigating further utilization of the blockchain as a way of decreasing fees and increasing the speed of transactions.
Preliminary, Simplified Implementation of Bitcoin Lightning Network Released
Lightning networks are considered a promising innovation in the Bitcoin space, which would make the Bitcoin system much more scalable and able to process transactions at a high rate and low cost, and are suitable as an alternative to existing payment networks.
In February, developers Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja proposed a decentralized Bitcoin Lightning Network where related transactions can take place instantly on “micropayment channels” off-chain, and only the final settlement is processed by the blockchain. According to the authors, lightning networks would enable Bitcoin scalability, efficient micropayments, and near-instant transactions. The Lightning Network white paper, a work in progress, has recently been updated.
“The payment network Visa has achieved 47,000 peak transactions per second on its network during the 2013 holidays, and averages hundreds of millions per day,” note the developers in the white paper. “Currently, Bitcoin supports less than 7 transactions per second with a 1 megabyte block limit.”
It seems evident that as long as the transaction rate supported by the Bitcoin network remains that low Bitcoin won’t be able to achieve the global reach of existing payment networks like Visa. That’s the main reason for the current – and heated – discussions about raising the block size. In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review, Bitcoin Core developer Gavin Andresen warned that the Bitcoin network might soon become oversaturated, and people might just stop using Bitcoin because transactions would become either unreliable or expensive.
“Looking at the transaction volume on the Bitcoin network, we need to address it within the next four or five months,” said Andresen. “As we get closer and closer to the limit, bad things start to happen. Networks close to capacity get congested and unreliable. If you want reliability, you’ll have to start paying higher and higher fees on transactions, and there will be a point where fees get high enough that people stop using Bitcoin.”
That’s what prompted Andresen to launch the Bitcoin XT alternative to Bitcoin Core, with 8 megabyte blocks, which is polarizing the Bitcoin community and could result in a “BItcoin civil war.” But lightning networks could achieve the same scalability and sustainability without requiring dramatic modifications to Bitcoin Core.
“With a network of instantly confirmed micropayment channels whose payments are encumbered by timelocks and hashlock outputs, Bitcoin can scale to billions of users,” note the developers in the white paper. In a presentation at the SF Bitcoin Devs Seminar, Poon and Dryja argued that lightning networks could make Bitcoin capable of processing billions of transactions per day and handling the volume of all global electronic payments on a single blockchain without custodial risk of theft.
The implementation of lightning networks would require appropriate tweaks to Bitcoin core. A soft fork, described in Appendix A of the white paper, has been proposed to enable near-infinite scalability. “To mitigate malleability, it is necessary to make a soft-fork change to bitcoin,” note Poon and Dryja. “Older clients would still work, but miners would need to update. Bitcoin has had several soft forks in the past, including pay-to-script-hash (P2SH).”
Implementing the malleability soft fork will take time, but in the meantime developers are beginning to build stand-alone implementations of lightning networks for development and testing. In May, Blockstream hired developer Rusty Russell to work on lightning networks.
“[W]e can have a network of arbitrarily complicated transactions, such that they aren’t on the blockchain (and thus are fast, cheap and extremely scalable), but at every point are ready to be dropped onto the blockchain for resolution if there’s a problem,” said Russell. “This is genuinely revolutionary.”
In August, developer Mats Jerratsch launched a preliminary, simplified lightning network implementation dubbed “Thunder Network.” Jerratsch’s implementation, written in Java and available as open source code on Github, is less watertight than the full Lightning Network proposal, but doesn’t require a fork and can be used now as it is.
“The initial proposal of the lightning network required some new features, that required at least a [soft fork], pushing any real implementation many months or even years into the future,” notes Jerratsch . “I, therefore, changed the channel design of the initial paper such that it can be implemented with the tools currently available in bitcoin. While such a channel does no longer work in a completely trustless manner, it is a good trade-off to start implementing LN. Most importantly, it allows deployment of software using something similar to the future LN implementations for now.”
“I think there is a lot to be done, before LN (or similar) is even remotely useful,” said Jerratsch in a Reddit discussion. “My main goal is to start the process of implementing these changes, such that we may experience LN anywhere soon.” Jerratsch added that lightning networks won’t arrive in time to make any difference in the block size debate.
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